Course code: mt216

Course name: Internal Combustion Engines

This concerns a Course

ECTS credit points: 3

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology

Section of Design of Marine Systems

Lecturer(s): Klein Woud, prof.ir. J.

Tel.:  015 - 278 1556

Catalog data:

Course year:

MSc 1^st year

Course language:

English

Semester:

2B

Hours per week:

2

Other hours:

Assessment:

Written exam

Assessment period:

2B / August

(see academic calendar)

Prerequisites (course codes):

wb1224

Follow up (course codes):

wb4408A, wb4408B, wb4420, wb4421

Detailed description of topics:

Basic thermodynamic principles.

Piston engines both diesel and otto engines.

1. Working principle:  4 stroke, 2 stroke, trunk piston, crosshead construction, low/medium/high speed
2. Indicator diagram:  work, mean indicated and effective pressure
3. Ignition and combustion:  mixture formation, ignition methods, ignition delay, premixed and diffusive combustion
4. Performance:  efficiency, power and torque, fuel consumption, air consumption, emissions,  methods to reduce emissions, exhaust gas cleaning
5. Pressure charging:  turbocharging, single stage and two stage
6. Operating envelope:  naturally aspirating, turbocharged engines
7. Power density
8. Thermodynamic analysis:  air standard cycles, Otto, Diesel and Seiliger cycle
9. Construction

Gas turbines

1. Working principle
2. Ideal simple Brayton cycle with and without losses
3. Regenerative cycle
4. Advanced cycles
5. Operating envelope
6. Construction and installation

Fuel characteristics

Course material:

• Marine Engineering. Design of Propulsion and Electric Power Generation Systems. J. Klein Woud and D. Stapersma. Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology, London, 2003. ISBN 1-902536-47-9. The book can be obtained at the "dictatenverkoop OCP" with a considerable discount.
• Some prints will be provided.

References from literature:

• see book

Remarks assessment, entry requirements, etc.:

Written examination

Learning goals:

The student must be able to:

• Describe the main characteristics of diesel and otto engines and gas turbines

• Describe the main characteristics of fuels

• Describe the working principles of the 2-stroke engine and of the 4-stroke engines and sketch the associated indicator (p-V) diagram

• Define and apply the thermodynamic concepts power, work, heat, mean effective pressure and efficiency

• Define compression ratio, stroke-bore ratio, specific fuel consumption, air-fuel ratio, air excess ratio and mean piston speed

• Explain the purpose and working principle of turbocharging and distinguish the different types

• Explain the limits of the operating envelope of a diesel and otto engine and  the influence of turbocharging

• Explain methods to broaden the operating envelope

• Explain the limits to power and power density

• Describe the pollutant emissions of  combustion engines, the measures to reduce these and methods of exhaust gas cleaning

• Describe for otto engines the methods of mixture formation (carburettors and fuel injection), the requirements with regard to afr, the advantages of injection systems compared to carburettors

• Describe for diesel engines the differences between direct injection (DI) and indirect injection (IDI) systems with their advantages and disadvantages

• Explain the influence of design parameters to engine performance by using air-standard cycles

• Apply the Otto cycle to calculate/predict otto engine performance

• Apply Seiliger cycle, also called dual cycle, to calculate/predict diesel engine performance

• Describe the working principles of the gas turbine

• Apply the Brayton cycle to calculate/predict gas turbine performance for simple and advanced gasturbine cycles

• Explain the influence of the pressure ratio and of the temperature ratio on efficiency and power density

• Explain the influence of compressor, turbine and heat exchanger losses on gas turbine performance (efficiency and power density)

• Explain the operating envelope of a twin-shaft gas turbine and the influence of power on sfc

• Describe the effect of ambient conditions and intake and exhaust losses on power and fuel consumption

• Describe the necessary measures for installation on board: acoustical enclosure, air filtration, up- and down-takes and fuel treatment

Computer use:

Laboratory project(s):

Design content:

Application and installation of piston engines and gas turbines

Percentage of design:  50%