last modified: 02/03/2006

Course code: wb4302

Course name: Thermodynamic evaluation of processes and systems

This concerns a Course

ECTS credit points: 5

Faculty of 3mE

Section of Thermal Power Engineering

Lecturer(s): Woudstra, ir. N.

Tel.:  015 - 27 82178 / 86734

Catalog data:

thermodynamics, energy conversion, exergy analysis, chemical exergy, exergy efficiency, value diagram, fuel conversion, heat exchange, turbine, compressor, conventional power station, gas turbine processes, combined cycle systems, combined heat and power, fuel cell systems, refrigerators, heat pumps, absorption cycles

Course year:

MSc 1st year

Course language:

English

In case of Dutch: Please contact the lecturer about an English alternative, whenever needed.

Semester:

1A

Hours per week:

4

Other hours:

0

Assessment:

Written exam

Assessment period:

1A / 1B

(see academic calendar)

 

Prerequisites (course codes):

wb1126, wb1224, wb4304

Follow up (course codes):

st310, wb4422, wb4410A, wb4410B, wb4412, wb4413, wb4419, wb4420, wb4421

Detailed description of topics:

Exergy analysis: extended definition of exergy and environment; chemical exergy; exergy of fuels; exergy efficiencies; value diagrams; application for heat exchanging equipment and fuel conversion processes; exergy losses of basic processes: fuel conversion, heat transfer, turbines, compressors.

Thermodynamic (exergy) evaluation and optimisation of various technologies:

Thermodynamic properties of some fluids; the application of property diagrams.

Conventional power stations (boiler/steam cycle):

boiler: air preheating, steam conditions, feedwater temperature;

steam cycle: selection of working fluid, friction losses in boilers, losses in condensor and piping, feedwater pump, extraction feed water heating.

Gas turbine processes, losses and optimization:

closed cycle GT process: pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, cycle configuration (intercooling, recuperation, reheat);

open cycle GT process: cycle configuration, value diagram;

combined cycle systems: exergy losses HRSG, multiple pressure steam cycles, supplementary firing.

Fuel conversion processes: gasification, reforming of natural gas.

Combined heat and power production (CHP): thermodynamic principle of CHP, evaluation criteria, applications, power to heat matrix.

Fuel cells: reversible power and reversible cell voltage, effect of irreversibilities on cell performance, Nernst equation and operational characteristics of SPFC (PEMFC), MCFC and SOFC, exergy losses in fuel cell systems.

Refrigeration cycles and heat pumps: properties of fluid mixtures, processes with mixtures, absorption processes, water/lithium bromide systems, ammonia/water systems.

Course material:

  • Thermodynamica voor energiesystemen. J.J.C. van Lier, N. Woudstra. (Delft University Press, ISBN 90-407-2037-1)·
  • Absorption chillers and heat pumps. K.E. Herold, R. Radermacher, S.A. Klein. (CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-9427-9)
  • slides of lectures (see blackboard)

References from literature:

  • Thermodynamik. Eine Einführung in die Grundlagen und ihre technische Anwendungen. Baehr, H.D.. ISBN 3-540-08963-2
  • Thermodynamik. Grundlagen und technische Anwendungen. Einstoffsysteme. Stephan, K., Mayinger, F.. ISBN 3-540-15751-4
  • Technische Thermodynamik. Mehrstoffsysteme und chemische Reaktionen. Schmidt, E.. ISBN 3-540-07978-5
  • Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. Moran, M.J., Shapiro, H.N.. John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0 471 97960 0
  • Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Smith, J.M., Van Ness, H.C., Abbott, M.M.. ISBN 0-07-118957-2
  • Combined-Cycle Gas & Steam Turbine Power Plants. Kehlhofer, R..ISBN 0-88173-076-9

Remarks assessment, entry requirements, etc.:

     

Learning goals:

The student must be able to:

  1. determine the exergy values, including chemical exergy, of fluid mixtures and fuels

  2. determine exergy losses and exergy efficiencies of basic processes like fuel conversion (combustion, gasification, reforming), heat transfer, expansion turbines and compression and to present exergy losses in property diagrams and value diagrams

  3. determine fluid properties of pure components as well as binary fluids from property diagrams and to present the processes and cycles in property diagrams of the considered fluids

  4. identify thermodynamic losses (exergy losses) of processes that take place in the main equipment of conventional power plants, like boiler, piping, steam turbine, condenser, feedwater heaters and pumps and to explain how these losses are affected by the selected steam parameters and alternative system configurations

  5. identify the thermodynamic losses (exergy losses) of gas turbine cycles (open cycles and closed cycles) and to explain how these losses are affected by the selected design parameters (turbine inlet temperature and pressure ratio) and alternative system configurations (intercooling, recuperation and reheat)

  6. explain how combined cycle plants can reduce overall exergy losses in comparison with conventional power plants and gas turbine cycles and to show the effects of multiple pressure steam generation and supplementary firing

  7. explain how and under what circumstances combined heat and power generation (CHP) can reduce overall exergy losses in comparison with separate generation of heat and power by applying value diagrams and power to heat matrices

  8. describe the processes that occur in various types of fuel cells under development and to determine the power that can be obtained from a reversible fuel cell and indicate the losses that will occur in fuel cell systems

  9. describe the processes that occur in absorption refrigeration and heat pump systems (water/lithium bromide systems, ammonia/water systems) and to show (in the property diagrams of the respective binary fluids) the effect of various measures for improving system performance

Computer use:

no

Laboratory project(s):

no

Design content:

design and optimization of system components and system lay-out

Percentage of design:  50%