Coursecode: wb4408B
Coursename: Diesel engines B
ECTS creditpoints: 4 |
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Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology |
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Lecturer(s): Stapersma, prof. D., MSc., FIMarE. |
Tel.: +31
15 27 83051 |
Catalog data:
fuels, fuel treatment, fuel properties, ignition, combustion mechanisms, measurement of
combustion heat release, heat transfer, gas velocities in cylinder, emissions, air
pollution |
Course
year: MSc 1st year
Language: English on request
Semester: 2A / 2B
Hours p/w: 2
Other hours: -
Assessment: oral
Assessm.period(s): 2B, Aug.
(see academic calendar) |
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Prerequisites:
wb1224, wb1220 |
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Follow up:
- |
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Detailed
description of topics:
Fuels - refining process, chemical structure of hydrocarbons - types and designation,
availability - properties: composition (C/H ratio, S-content), density, viscosity,
combustion value, ignition performance (CCAI) - (pre)treatment and separation
Combustion - chemics and physics: atomizing, ignition (conditions, delay), explosion
diagram, flame shape, thermal theory (Arrhenius), reaction mechanisms, chain reactions,
premixed and diffusive combustion - heat release: mathematical model (Wiebe)
and simulation of a cylinder process, practical
measurement (incl. assessment of Top Dead Centre) - maximum pressure and temperature as a
result of heat release
Heat transfer between gas and wall: summation over time and
location - heat transfer mechanisms: heat convection, heat conduction, gas radiation and
flame radiation; order of magnitude of the different contributions - heat transfer
coefficients: empirical methods (Nusselt, Eichelberg), methods based on dimension analysis
(Annand, Woschni) - gas velocities in the cylinder: swirl, squish - heat
transfer - theory of instationary heat transfer in the cylinder wall:
stepchange and sinusoidal input.
Emissions:
A: Problem definition - types of emission: gaseous (CO2, CO HC, SOX, NOX) and
particles (PM) - undesirable effects on health and environment - mechanisms of formation
of emissions, particularly NOX
B: Requirements - units and methods of conversion - legislation: stationary
installations, road traffic, shipping
C: Methods of reduction - choice of fuel - primary methods (engine
optimalisation): injection (timing/pressure/rate/shape), air humidity, air inlet
temperature, compression ratio, air excess ratio, variable turbine geometry (VTG) - more
drastic primary methods (engine modifications): fuel/water emulsion, water injection,
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) - secundary methods: selective cathalytic reduction (SCR)
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Course
material:
D. Stapersma, "Diesel engines IV: Fuels, Combustion and Emissions".
D. Stapersma, "Diesel engines V: Heat Transfer".
Diesel engines annex: Thermodynamical & chemical principles.
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References from
literature:
paper "Impact of emission legislation on large engine design and operation" H.
Niven (Ricardo)
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Remarks
(specific information about assessment, entry requirements, etc.): |
Goals:
The student must be able to:
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describe the global problem of
fossil fuels availability and the undesirable effects of combustion for
the environment i.e. pollutant emissions into the air
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describe the chemical and
physical aspects of combustion in a diesel engine
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describe theoretical and
practical sides of heat transfer in the diesel engine
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list aspects of the emission
problem, i.e.: types of emissions, legislation and methods of reducing
emissions of diesel engines
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Computer use:
Indirect; examples are given of the complex data processing by computer when measuring
heat release and emissions. |
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Laboratory
project(s): |
Design content:
Limited; assessment of the design parameters for the combustion process and the heat
loss in the diesel engine. |
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Percentage of
design: 25% |